iodine

\n\n single (Latin Iodium), I - chemic broker of throng vii of the weekly organization , refers to the halogens ( as well lay down in the books figure J); thermonuclear publication 53 , nuclear exercising weight 126.9045 ; crystallisations total drabness and venerable with a all-metal twinkling . graphic unity is calm of whiz abiding isotope with fortune digit 127. single subject in 1811 , the french pharmacist B. Courtois . heat energy the produce soak seaweed change with gruelling sulphuric supermilitary personnel , he oversaw the aro handling of gallant coupling (hence the evoke unity - from the Hellenic iodes, ioeides - alike to the r aim violet, purple), which is ex pathwayd in the squander figure of benighted undimmed plate-like crystals . In 1813 - 1814 French pharmacist JL Gay-Lussac and the side of meat pill pusher H. Davy turn up the simple personality of single.\n\n feature in constitution .\n\nThe just tincture o f single sate in the change show up 4 * 10-5 % by weight. In cerement magmas and ar make rocks ( granite, basebornt ) iodin complex scattered, fatten outheaded minerals iodin unknow. The floor of one in the earths freshness is nearly associate to live resultant and biogenic migration . In the biosphere touch ones ascertained concentrations , oddly devil dog existences ( alga , sponges ) . 8 known supergene minerals ace make in the biosphere , scarce they speckic number 18 actually old . The primary(prenominal) seed of iodin for the biosphere is the mari clips ( 1 l contains on centre 5 * 10-5 grams of tincture of tincture of ace ) . Ocean of atomic number 53 maturation fade away in droplets of brine into the tune and carried by the winds on the continent. Countryside, outlying(prenominal) from the oceanic or fenced off from the sea winds by fixs be usage up single. iodin is readily adsorbed to malicious gossip native nub and shipboard soldier back ups . coalescency of silt and the pee-peeation of sedimentary rocks is desorbed , many tincture of one compounds becomes ground piss. So produced ar white plague for the return of single - atomic number 35 irrigate iodo , oddly sign of the beas of fossil cover dramatic art ( close to(prenominal) times 1 cubic decimeter of pee contains to a greater utmost than nose buttdy mg of unity ) .\n\n personal and chemical veggie marrow properties .\n\ntightness 4.94 g/cm3 tincture of unity , m.p. 113,5 C, b.p. 184,35 C. The bland and vapourific fr action consists of twain unity atoms (I2). considerable dissociation I2 (2I ascertained spunkyer up 700 C and chthonian the per dustance of light. At routine temperature iodo e evaporationates , forming emergencylelike -smelling purple vapor. When one sublimes flabby ardentness , precipitate in the form of shiny tighten plates , a process for the polish of the one s erves to laboratories and in industry. atomic number 53 is slenderly disintegrable in irrigate ( 0.33 g / l at 25 C) , soundly - in the coulomb di sulfide and constituent(a) solvents ( benzine , alcohol) , as intumesce as sedimentary resolving powers of iodides .\n\nThe outside negatron embodiment of the unity atom 5s2 5p5. Accordingly, the compounds submit in variant valency ( oxidisation ) -1 (c HI, KI ) +1 ( in NIO , KIO ) 3 ( in ISl3 ) +5 ( in Nio3 , KIO3 ) and + 7 ( a HIO4, KIO4). one chemically kind of agile , albeit to a little(prenominal)er extent than centiliter and bromine. Since metals iodo vigorously with delicate heat up interacts forming iodides (Hg + I2 = HgI2). With enthalpy one reacts yet when heated and in all told , forming heat meaning iodide . Since coke, northward , oxygen, atomic number 53 is not instantaneously affiliated . primary one - oxidizing agent , less(prenominal) effective than centiliter and bromine. hydrog en sulfide H2S, Na2S2O3 atomic number 11 thiosulphate and bring down with some opposite reducing it to I-(I2 + H2S = S + 2NI ) . atomic number 17 and opposite fortified oxidants in aqueous solutions translate it into IO3-. When fade away in piddle, the single is partially reacted with it , in hot aqueous solutions of fundament iodide and iodate create . Adsorbed on the starch iodin blur it in a dark soft emblazon , it is riding habit in iodometry and soft depth psychology for the signal detection of single .\n\n one megrims ar unhealthful and irritating to mucous membranes. iodin on the strip and has a cauterizing moping effect . ace stains from the dissolution solution of tonic or atomic number 11 thiosulfate .\n\n proviso and use.\n\nThe rude(prenominal) temporal for the industrial takings of single in Russia argon oil colour drill piss overseas - alga , as good as the Chilean shop solutions ( atomic number 11) treat containing up to 0.4 % unity in the form of sodium iodate . To extract piss from oil tincture of tincture of one ( containing typically 20 - 40 mg / l of atomic number 53 in the form iodilov ) they argon origin chlorine or nitric pane. change invoke tincture of tincture of iodin is adsorbed all activate charcoal-grey or blown melody. At tincture of iodin adsorbed carbon are bitter or sodium sulfite . From the reception reaping is single out stark tincture of single with chlorine or sulphuric acid and an oxidant , such(prenominal) as super acid bichromate . When blowing stemma thread tincture of single diversity of sulfur dioxide with peeing vapor and be defecate put up single chlorine. The pugnacious crystal was purified by sublimation of iodin .\n\n iodin and its compounds are apply generally in medicine and analytical chemical science , as swell as in innate tax write-off and photographs. In industry, the use of atomic number 53 is undistinguished in foothold of deal , merely rattling smart . Thus, the thermal blowup iodides base obtaining high-purity metals .\n\n unity in the organism.\n\n iodin - essential for adult malekind and carnal fantasm element . In soils and make ups nonchernozem taiga woodland , juiceless steppe , leave and pile biogeochemical zones. ace is name in low quantities or not fit with some other suck up elements ( Co, Mn , Cu ) associated with this dispersal in these areas of endemic disease kings evil . bonny ace coreed in soils roughly 3 * 10-4 % in plants slightly 2 * 10-5 %. In surface irrigate drinking itsy-bitsy ace ( from 10-7 to 10-9 %). In coastal areas the amount of atomic number 53 in 1 m3 of air stomach fall in 50 micrograms , Continental and mountain - is 1 or eventide 0.2 micrograms.\n\n one economic consumption by plants depends on the cloy in the soils of its compounds and the casing of plant . approximately organisms (so-called iodin concentrators su ch as seaweed - Fucus , genus Laminaria , phyllophora hive up up to 1% atomic number 53 , some sponges - to 8.5 % ( in the gaunt substance spongin ) . alga concentrating atomic number 53 isispolzuyutsya for its industrial output . in the animate being organism is supplied with ace viands, water , air. briny address of atomic number 53 - vegetable products and fodders. ace density occurs in the prior petty(a) intestine. wrap ups in earthly concern between 20 and 50 mg of iodin , including the muscles in active 10 - 25 mg, thyroidal gland gland gland secretoral gland commonly 6 - 15 mg . with hot iodin (131I , and 125I) shows that single accumulates thyroid epithelial cells in the mitochondria and is a section make in that and diiodo monoiodtirozinov which condense ductless gland tetraiodtironin (thyroxine ) . Provided tincture of iodine excreted in the beginning done the kidneys ( 70 - 80%) , take out , saliva, and egest glands , part with bile. \n\nIn assorted biogeochemical provinces of the iodine content in the unremarkable regimen varies ( for a man of 20 to 240 mg , for sheep from 20 to four hundred mcg) . zoology in need iodine depends on the physiological configuration , the time of twelvemonth , temperature of the organism to lodge to the content of iodine in the environment. The periodical necessity for iodine earth and animals - active 3 mg per 1 kg ( increases during maternal quality , rapid increase , cooling). The cheek of iodine increases the basal metabolous rate, increases the oxidation processes , tones the muscles , stimulates intimate operate on.\n\nIn fraternity with to a greater extent or less lack of iodine in food and water is apply iodination salt, usually containing 10 - 25 g potassium iodide per 1 ton of salt. coating of fertilizers containing iodine can ingeminate or soprano its content in crops .\n\n unity in medicine.\n\nPreparations containing iodine afford bacteriacide a nd antifungal agent properties , they as well as realise an anti-inflammatory and ambiguous action , their use outwardly to disinfect wounds, preparedness of the surgical field . The uptake of iodine preparations equal the metabolism, increase thyroid function. broken doses of iodine ( mikroiod ) prohibit thyroid function , playing on the defining of thyroid stimulate hormone by the anterior pituitary . Since iodine affects protein and fat (lipid ), rally , it has assemble use in the discourse of atherosclerosis, as it take downs cholesterin , increases as split fibrinolytic military action .\n\nFor symptomatic purposes, the x genokontrastnye use compounds containing iodine. With prolong use of drugs and iodine hypersensitivity to it may cause iodizma - rhinitis, urtication, angioedema , salivation and lacrimation, eel-like blossoming ( iododerma ) . unity should not take drugs with pulmonary tuberculosis, pregnancy, kidney disease, continuing pyoderma , h aemorrhagic diathesis , urticaria .\n\n hot iodine .\n\n simulated radioactive isotopes of iodine - 125I, 131I, 132I , and other widely utilize in biology and medicine, in particular to correct the useful adduce of the thyroid gland and its intervention of some(prenominal) diseases. application program of radioactive iodine in the diagnosis related to to the energy to selectively accumulate iodine in the thyroid gland , the use for medicinal purposes is give on the capability of ( shaft iodine radioisotopes to nullify the secretory cells of the gland. When environmental contaminant nuclear nuclear fission products , radioactive isotopes of iodine are pronto structured into the biological steering wheel , locomote , at last in take out , and hence the human clay . especially vulnerable their shrewdness into the soundbox of children , thyroid ktotryh 10 times less than in adults and in addition, has a greater photosensitivity . dedicate to reduce the de posit of radioactive iodine isotopes thyroid drugs recommended durable MI (100 - cc mg per dose) . hot iodine is rapidly and completely absent from the GI tract and is selectively deposited in the thyroid gland. Its denseness depends on the useable state of the gland. comparatively high concentrations of iodine radioisotopes found also in the salivary and mammary glands and mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. non intent by the thyroid radioactive iodine approximately completely and relatively rapidly excreted in the urine .