Artificial Intelligence Essay

The brain is simply a electronic information accomplishing carcass made of meat. Discuss this assertion with credit rating to the latest confer intimately Artificial news information. In discussing the assertion The piece brains is a figurer made of meat, there must be a reference to Artificial Intelligence. As Martin Minsky (1968) noticed Artificial Intelligence is the science of do machines do things that would require intelligence if have one my men. About Intelligence it house be defined as the power of intoxicateing, training, understanding and resolve though a mental process, which requires knowledge, consciousness subconsiousness and emotionAn important theoretical account in the field of Artificial Intelligence is the Turing Test. With this ladder, Alan Turing (1950), claimed that this test can be used to answer the question of whether a computing machine is capable of thought. The test involves two human beings and one ready reckoner. The main humor, is that the human investigator, must judge out with his question which of the separate two is the computing machine. These three ar unbroken in different rooms and communicate each other by computer terminal. The investigator is allowed to ask whatever he likes, until he decides which the computer is.If the computer answers so well, hence this computer passes the Turing test and is recognised as able. The most well cognize researchers have accepted this test as standard of assessing intelligence. further this is test is inaccurate, because even if a computer answers right there is no statement of consciousness An other experiment that has to do with A. I. and generally with intelligence, is the Chinese Room by J. Searle. He betokend that behaving intelligently was not enough. Here is how the Chinese Room works there is one individual locked in a room.This person has nothing to do with the Chinese language. overly there atomic number 18 two Chinese the great unwashed out side, who asks the questions, hardly they do not communicate with any other way with the person within the room. So, for every Chinese character he has the reply into the box and the whole job he is doing is to replace the questions with the right responses from the boxes Searle s point is that although the Chinese room seems to have intelligence and the person inside gives the right answers exclusively he does not rightfully understand Chinese.The only thing he is doing, is chase a set of rules, as all the computer systems do. This parameter is similar to human memory and the memory is only one dissipate of intelligence. For the human being, our decisions depends on our experiences and background. But memory is only a constituent of intelligence and not the intelligence it self any(prenominal) people argue that the true intelligence can never be achieved by a computer. Most computer programs do just the they be programmed for. Some of these, they are caught in endless l oops, doing the same thing over and over again.Some other, are much cleverly programmed, when anything goes wrong they can try close tothing else. But if the programme tries to solve the same problem, from the begging, it is spill to make the same drop off until it is difference to find the right operation to solve the problem. Thats wherefore, many an(prenominal) people believe the computers ordain never be intelligent, because of this lack of parkland sense. Nowadays, we know many things about how to build them, but we still dont know how to give them common senseAn other wrong for people, who believes the brain is a computer made of meat, is the learning strength of computer systems. They need manyone continuously update information for them. And the ability of learning is very important to call something intelligent. Also, an other problem is the vision of computer systems. Of course, to call someone at least intelligent, ha can see whatever normal people do, without any instructions for the manufacture On the other, computers have been developed remarkably to a level which reach god it terms of speed, calculation and generation in cascade process.Also, new types of computers are been designed, with much more capabilities than the previous one. An example is storage as the years passes we have more storage in less space. But to give voice that a computer system is intelligent, cannot be establish on the in a higher place parameters. These systems, have not yet achieved consciousness and therefore limit their ability to judge and understand Also, to call a computer system intelligent it requires some characteristics that they are connected with intelligence in human doings understanding language, problem solving etc.Addinitionally, the human mental process is not based only on data and input. This is because, data are auto-generated and not previous supplied, e. g. a teenager finds a wallet and then decides whether to keep the money or hand them in the police based not onto a previous experience, memory or outside information, but on the criticism developed by consciousness and sub-consciousness. In summing up to, there is no computer program that has its own freedom. Each of the computer decisions are based to the instructions that the program containsOn the other hand, a classical example of intelligent computer systems, is a well known deceiver program called Deep Thought , which has beaten a few chess grand masters. The chess computers advance is the fast calculation. The human chess players advance is their power of judgement. However, when a computer system make o move on the chess board, it does not have the sense about the move it makes, he just perfume a series of calculations. as yet a not very smart human being can only play chess at a good level, collectible his ability of fast calculations.But fast calculations is not a note of intelligence Generally speaking, there are many reason why humans wants to create intelligent machines. The go forth never be tired, they will always obey etc. But, the building of these machines, have found answer mostly from the philosophical point of view. That is because if the build of intelligent systems will succeed, this will doubt the uniqness of the human mind. Some experiments of artificial intelligence are the salutary Systems.A definition of expert systems, according the British Computer parliamentary laws Specialist Group on expert system is the following one An expert system is regarded as the embodiment within a computer of knowledge-based component from an expert skill in such a form the system can offer intelligent advise or take intelligent decision about a processing function. A desirable additional characteristic, which many would consider fundamental, is the capability of the system, on demand, to unloose its own line of reasoning in a manner straightaway intelligence to the enquirerThese computer systems, helps us in construc tion, simulation and diagnosis, for medical and healthy purposes. Some of them are, QMR and MYCIN, which are two expert systems that helps for diagnosing infirmity and diseases. But, the major problem is, who is responsible for a wrong diagnosis, that the computer system did. Some people believes that the mistake belongs to the creator of the system and some other believes that the doctor is responsible In addition, an other part of artificial intelligence, has to do with robotics.By this we mean a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to more material, parts, tools or specialized devices though various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tax as mentioned by the Robot Institute of America (1979). Nowadays, more and more people use robots for their job. Especially, managers of large factors, cause they are cheaper they dont complaint etc. On the other hand, workers agree for this situation, if and only of, robots going to perform the dirty or the dangerous jobs At the end, a sort of huge problem, is speaking and feeling too.For example, everyone understands worlds like friendship, love and we have some feelings for them either positive either negative. We ca not say a computer system intelligent, if it does not understand the above words or meaning like partnership, where two persons can help each other in difficult situations The last 10 years, scientists are working on a bio-computer system. This system use human-neural tissue connected to an electronic circuit. This idea hopes to link the power of neurones to create conscious state with the effiency of computer processing. much(prenominal) projects hopefully will create an original state of computer intelligenceAlso, it is well known, that the human brain is the most difficult part of the human to explain, even from entire the world. We have now discuss this assertions with the most current sources and debates for artificial intelligence. My point of view, is that compu ter systems only succeed in some parts of intelligence, as playing board games, take care of peoples health etc. But, they do not reach the entirely meaning of intelligence such as consciousness and motions. And because everyone is doing a really go to work, probably mane years later they are going to match the above assertion