Alpha Lipoic Acid what is it, and how does it improve (help) Essay

Alpha Lipoic Acid what is it, and how does it improve (help) peripheral neuropathy and insulin resistor - Essay ExampleThe metabolic dysregulation associated with DM causes secondary pathophysiologic changes in multiple organ systems that impose a tremendous burden on the individual with diabetes and on the health c be system. The two broad categories of DM are designated token 1 and type 2. ALA has been shown to be useful in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and in order to pick up the mechanism of action of ALA in control of DM and DM-associated complicating conditions, such as, neuropathy, it is important to understand the pathophysiologic and biochemical mechanism of these conditions (Boulton, 2005).A prominent biochemical feature of type 2 DM is insulin resistance. This base of disorders is characterised by a pathogenic process that leads to hyperglycemia through variable degrees of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and increased glucose production. theatrical role 2 DM is characterized by three pathophysiologic abnormalities impaired insulin secretion, increasing peripheral insulin resistance, and excessive hepatic glucose production. Obesity, oddly visceral or central as evidenced by the hip-waist ratio, is very common in type 2 DM. Adipocytes secrete a number of biologic products, namely, leptin, TFN-alpha, free fatty acids, resistin, and adiponectin that modulate insulin secretion, insulin action, and body fish and may contribute to the insulin resistance. As expected, in the early stage of the disease, glucose tolerance remains normal disrespect insulin resistance since the pancreatic beta cells compensate by increasing the output of insulin. As insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia progress, the pancreatic islets in certain individuals are unable to sustain the hyperinsulinemic state (Huebschmann et al., 2006).Diabetic NeuropathyDiabetic neuropathy occurs in just about 50% of individuals with long-standing type 1 and typ e 2 DM. It may manifest as polyneuropathy, mononeuropathy, and/or involuntary neuropathy. As with other complications of DM, the development of neuropathy correlates with the duration of diabetes and glycemic control both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers are lost. Because the clinical features of diabetic neuropathy are similar to those of other neuropathies, the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy should be made alone after other possible etiologies are excluded (Boulton et al., 2004).The most common form of diabetic neuropathy is distal even polyneuropathy. It most frequently presents with distal sensory loss. Hyperesthesia, paresthesia, and dysesthesia also occur. Any combination of these symptoms may develop as neuropathy progresses. Symptoms include a sensation of numbness, tingling, sharpness, or burning that begins in the feet and spreads proximally. Neuropathic pain develops in some of these individuals, now and again preceded by improvement in their glycemic contro l. Pain typically involves the lower extremities, is usually present at rest, and worsens at night. Both an acute and a chronic form of painful diabetic neuropathy have been described. As diabetic neuropathy progresses, the pain subsides and eventually disappears, but a sensory deficit in the lower extremities persists. Physical interrogative reveals sensory loss,